Leadership Management in Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Management in Action - Essay Example According to Goffee and Jones (1996), organizational culture is â€Å"glue that holds organizations together† while Gerstener (2002) stated that organizational culture is â€Å"not just one aspect of the game- it is the game†. Organizational culture is important enough for an effective business and so is the case of the hospitality industry. The Hospitality industry is comprised of a list of business whose purpose is to provide product and mainly services to its customers. In such a business where the success of the entire business is based on customer satisfaction an effective and strong organizational culture is crucial. As it is stated above that organization is just like an individual with its own very unique traits and personality, therefore, organizational culture has a key contribution in building a competitive edge over its rivals. Values are the most important components of a strong organizational structure because it is a set of its future goals, philosophies and views that an organization share (Alvesson, 2002).. In a short form, an organization’s mission statement and vision statement are the true examples of its values. Values are the key drivers of an organization and are unique from each other. For a successful organizational culture, it is important to have a clear set of values properly communicated to its employees also include the way that pledges to serve customers treat partners, and maintain proficient standards. For setting up values, an organization must have an understanding of customer needs and to the uniqueness in the quality of services (that are hard to imitable). To ensure effective organizational culture, it is important to have a proper implementation plan to practice the values across the organization. Values of an organization are of less importance unless they are not incorporated in its routine and rituals. For

Single-Sex School and Co-Ed School Essay Example for Free

Single-Sex School and Co-Ed School Essay Girls are far more likely to thrive, get GCSEs and stay in education if they go to a single-sex school, according to new research, which reveals pupils who are struggling academically when they start secondary school reap the biggest rewards of girls-only schooling. The analysis of the GCSE scores of more than 700,000 girls taught in the state sector concludes that those at girls schools consistently made more progress than those in co-ed secondaries. The fact that pupils with the lowest test scores when they started secondary made the biggest leap in girls school will reopen the debate about whether more children should have access to a single-sex education in order to drive up results. The number of girls schools has dwindled in the state sector since the 1970s and has been dropping more recently among private schools, as more and more parents demand co-ed schools. Only 221,000 girls and 160,000 boys are now taught in state single sex secondaries out of a total school population of more than 3. 5 million. The research, conducted on behalf of the Good Schools Guide, looked at the contextually value added scores for every girl who took GCSEs in the state sector between 2005 and 2007. Grammar schools were excluded. The government introduced value added scores to rate the progress pupils make between the end of primary school and GCSEs taking into account their socio-economic backgrounds. Of the 71,286 girls who sat GCSEs in single-sex schools over the three-year period, on average all did better than predicted on the basis of their end of primary Sats results. By comparison, of the 647,942 who took exams in mixed-sex schools, 20% did worse than expected. In the value added score, in which a zero score indicates a child achieving the GCSE results expected on the basis of their Sats results at 11, the lowest 10% achievers who went to girls schools scored on average 17. Among the lowest 10% achievers in mixed schools that score was -10. It means girls who start secondary struggling with their work are more likely to get GCSEs and stay on at school to do A-levels. Janette Wallis, editor of the Good Schools Guide, said: A lot of parents will look at the benefits of co-ed schools, like the fact that girls and boys are educated side-by-side preparing them for the world of work and life. But to disregard this evidence would be a mistake. We never expected to see such a difference. She said the effect could be down to girls working better without boys distracting them but acknowledged the fact that educationally aspirant parents could seek out girls-only schools, which could also make a difference. Alice Sullivan, a researcher at the Institute of Education, University of London, and a specialist in single-sex schooling, said: It is very interesting that girls seem to be making more progress at single-sex schools. It does support a body of research evidenc e that girls do better in single-sex environments. However, other leading academics said the research was more conflicting. Alan Smithers, director of education at Buckingham University, said: We know across the piece that the main variables relating to exam success are pupil characteristics, social background and quality of teacher. There is very little space for gender in the classroom to make a difference. Where it apparently has an effect it relates to other factors, such as the aspirations of the parents who want their daughter educated in a single-sex school. But if this is true it will change our understanding. Sue Dunford, headteacher of Southfield School for Girls in Kettering, said: Its a question of confidence in the way girls develop. Its cool to be very good at anything in a girls school maths, sciences or physics. No one will ask why youre doing a boys subject. Girls who lack confidence can thrive more in girls-only schools. We dont have boys competing and distracting, so girls can really go for it.

Truman Doctrine :: essays research papers

The Truman Doctrine In order to contain Communism, President Harry S. Truman issued the Truman Doctrine in 1947, which provided aid to Greece and Turkey. The United States gave aid to those countries, specifically, because it felt they were most threatened by Communism during the time of the Cold War (Ferrell, pg.105). Communism is an economic system in which a single party controls the means of production with the aim of establishing a classless society (Encarta). The period after World War II, up until the year 1990, when The Cold War ended, was controlled by two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States was led by President Harry S. Truman, who was thrown into the presidency by the unexpected death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the Soviet Union was led by Joseph Stalin (McCullough, pg. 371). Each expressed different views on politics, economics and human rights. A number of events occurred which led the United States and the Soviet Union to engage in what is now known as the Cold War. The five areas of conflict were with Poland, Germany, atomic secrets, Eastern Europe, and economic rebuilding of Western Europe. The Cold War was not a war in the typical sense of the word. There were no shots fired, but rather it was a war with words. In some ways this could be considered worse than a real war because that type causes a lot more fear over what could occur at any moment and weather the threats were real or not. Those countries that sided with the United States, which were mostly Western European nations, were known as the free world. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, occupied the Eastern European nations which came to be known as the Communist Bloc (Barrons). During this time, President Harry S. Truman wanted to contain Communism before it spread world-wide. He felt that this was the crucial point and Truman responded by issuing the Truman Doctrine in 1947. Truman feared that third world countries would accept Communism. Communism 2 sounded tempting to these countries because it would equalize everyone and it may even provide those countries with a stable government (Ferrell, pg. 105). The main objective of the Truman Doctrine was to support Turkey and Greece because the United States government felt they were most threatened by Communism during the Cold War. The United States did not want Communism to spread, in fear that it would form in the United States (Encarta). The United States wanted to show the Soviet Union that they weren’t the world power and that the Soviets could not force Communism on other countries, especially weak, smaller countries. The Soviet Union thought they were the most

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History Nativ

Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley The struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a time from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-American conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continued it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and make their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier. Anglo-Americans that will be examined as influential in the formation of the Ohio River Valley are Daniel Boone, Henry Clay, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and "civilize" the west, these men were forced into a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society ignorant and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americans couldn't entirely remove them from existence, and today we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what cost? Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley Essay -- History Nativ Struggle for Dominance in the Ohio River Valley The struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley spanned a time from the late 1740s to the 1850s. This century of turbulence is characterized by Native American and Anglo-American conflict. It pitted each side against each other in a battle for supremacy of the land, economics and culture. On one hand, the expansion of the Western frontier would provide for economic development and the increase of the United States as a legitimate world power. In contrast, from the perspective of Native American tribes, the Ohio River Valley was their homeland and had been for many generations. If the expansion continued it would harm their way of life, encroach upon their homeland, and make their resources scarcer. The battle for dominance is a good representation of how continuity and change help determine the outcome of the Western frontier. Anglo-Americans that will be examined as influential in the formation of the Ohio River Valley are Daniel Boone, Henry Clay, and William Harrison. In a rapidly developing society these men represented, in different ways, the forces of continuity and change. In their quest to expand and "civilize" the west, these men were forced into a struggle for dominance in the Ohio River Valley. The Native American movement in the Ohio River Valley during this time is represented through the Shawnee, lead by Tecumseh. The Shawnee also battle with conflicts of continuity and change in the hope of keeping their homeland, culture, and economic sustenance. Hence, Americans represented by Boone, Clay and Harrison, and Native Americans represented by the Shawnee and Tecumseh, both represent change and continuity in their struggle for dominance of the Ohio River Val... ...terized by a struggle for culture, economics, and land. The relevance of this struggle in American history is that it allows the present to examine what the forces for change and continuity were and how they relate to contemporary issues. Today we still see some members of society ignorant and afraid of those who are different. We also see the Indians struggle for a voice in our democracy. They represent a group of persons depleted of resources and removed from their land. As the Americans continued to push further west after the Ohio River Valley victories, they continued to displace more and more Native Americans. But Americans couldn't entirely remove them from existence, and today we are starting to realize the implications of our lust for land. The United States has received its status as a world power and is economically and culturally rich, but at what cost?

Characteristics of tea Essay

The issue of healthy life styles has considerably contributed to marketing and is becoming an important factor of modern lives. Today many companies claim potential health benefits from tea drinking. Consequently, big suppliers concentrated on the health awareness of consumers and have positioned their marketing strategies to maximise this potential. For instance, Tetley has teamed up with St. Ivel and Warburtons to develop a website aimed at healthy living. In 2002 PG Tips’ packaging has been redesigned to emphasise ‘healthy’ characteristics of tea. It informs the consumer that tea is an antioxidant source. Antioxidant in tea, so-called ‘flavonoids’, are supposedly vital for a healthy diet. On the other hand, researchers from the University Dental Hospital of Manchester have found out that certain teas [especially herbal tea] may destroy teeth by dissolving enamel [Published in the Journal of Dentistry and Daily Mail 19/11/2001]. In addition to emphasising health issues, KJM foods will differentiate by tapping into another human need: relaxation and peace. The pace of life is accelerating and nowadays many people complain about very fast and hectic lifestyles. People in today’s world barely have any time to relax or be for themselves. Advertising messages should play upon this lack of time and freedom and emphasize on the ‘relaxing ritual’ of brewing tea and enjoying ‘a cuppa’. According to Mintel, consumers are increasingly willing to pay for products and services which provide them with more free time and which make life easier. There is an overall trend to be noticed: one takes a salary cut back in order to have more time, or moves into suburbs to live quieter, people escape into nature, explore the world of ‘Yoga’, take part in ‘Relaxation classes’, do ‘Aromatherapy’ and so on. ‘SOUL’ tea perfectly fits into this new lifestyle trend and its advertising and packaging will emphasize SOUL’s relaxing character and explain that different infusion times will have different effects. For example, the packaging will instruct to increase infusion time in order to change the usual effects of tea into strongly relaxing and soothing effects. This is a niche the other big brands are not considering at present. The ‘Brand Steering Wheel’ by ‘Icon Brand Navigation Ltd. ‘ as per appendix 4 summarizes the desired perception of SOUL by its target groups. It shows all aspects of the brand’s identity and will be used in this report as a future-oriented positioning platform supporting to drive KJM’s marketing and copy strategy.

Politics and the Political System of the Ancient Maya

Politics and the Political System of the Ancient Maya The Mayan civilization flourished in the rainforests of southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize, reaching its apex around A.D. 700–900 before falling into a swift and somewhat mysterious decline. The Maya were expert astronomers and traders: they were also literate with a complicated language and their own books. Like other civilizations, the Maya had rulers and a ruling class, and their political structure was complex. Their kings were powerful and claimed to be descended from the gods and the planets. The Mayan City-States The Mayan civilization was large, powerful, and culturally complex: it is often compared to the Incas of Peru and the Aztecs of Central Mexico. Unlike these other empires, however, the Maya never unified. Instead of a mighty empire ruled from one city by one set of rulers, the Maya instead had a series of city-states that only ruled the surrounding area, or some nearby vassal states if they were powerful enough. Tikal, one of the most powerful Mayan city-states, never ruled much farther than its immediate borders, although it did have vassal cities such as Dos Pilas and Copn. Each of these city-states had its own ruler. Development of Mayan Politics and Kingship The Mayan culture began around 1800 B.C. in the lowlands of the Yucatan and southern Mexico. For centuries, their culture slowly advanced, but as of yet, they had no concept of kings or royal families. It wasnt until the middle to late preclassic periods (300 B.C. or so) that evidence of kings began to appear at certain Mayan sites. The founding king of Tikals first royal dynasty, Yax Ehb Xook, lived sometime in the Preclassic period. By A.D. 300, kings were common, and the Maya began building stelae to honor them: large, stylized stone statues that describe the king, or Ahau, and his accomplishments. The Mayan Kings The Mayan kings claimed descent from the gods and planets, laying claim to a quasi-divine status, somewhere between humans and gods. As such, they lived between two worlds, and wielding â€Å"divine† power was part of their duties. The kings and royal family had important roles at public ceremonies, such as the ball games. They channeled their connection to the gods through sacrifices (of their own blood, of captives, etc.), dance, spiritual trances, and hallucinogenic enemas. Succession was usually patrilineal, but not always. Occasionally, queens ruled when no suitable male of the royal line was available or of age. All kings had numbers that placed them in order from the founder of the dynasty. Unfortunately, this number is not always recorded in the king’s glyphs on stone carvings, resulting on unclear histories of dynastic succession. Life of a Mayan King A Mayan king was groomed from birth to rule. A prince had to pass through many different initiations and rites. As a young man, he had his first bloodletting at the age of five or six. As a young man, he was expected to fight and lead battles and skirmishes against rival tribes. Capturing prisoners, particularly high-ranking ones, was important. When the prince finally became king, the elaborate ceremony included sitting on a jaguar pelt in an elaborate headdress of colorful feathers and seashells, holding a scepter. As king, he was supreme head of the military and was expected to fight and participate in any armed conflicts entered into by his city-state. He also had to participate in many religious rituals, as he was a conduit between humans and the gods. Kings were allowed to take multiple wives. Mayan Palaces Palaces are found at all of the major Mayan sites. These buildings were located in the heart of the city, near the pyramids and temples so important to Maya life. In some cases, the palaces were very large, multistoried structures, which may indicate that a complicated bureaucracy was in place to rule the kingdom. The palaces were homes to the king and the royal family. Many of the king’s tasks and duties were carried out not in the temples but in the palace itself. These events might have included feasts, celebrations, diplomatic occasions, and receiving tribute from vassal states. Classic-Era Mayan Political Structure By the time the Maya reached their Classic Era, they had a well-developed political system. Renowned archaeologist Joyce Marcus believes that by the Late Classic era, the Maya had a four-tiered political hierarchy. At the top were the king and his administration in major cities like Tikal, Palenque, or Calakmul. These kings would be immortalized on stelae, their great deeds recorded forever. Following the main city were a small group of vassal city-states, with lesser nobility or a relative of the Ahau in charge: these rulers did not merit stelae. After that were affiliated villages, large enough to have rudimentary religious buildings and ruled by minor nobility. The fourth tier consisted of hamlets, which were all or mostly residential and devoted to agriculture. Contact with Other City-States Although the Maya were never a unified empire like the Incas or Aztecs, the city-states nevertheless had much contact. This contact facilitated cultural exchange, making the Maya much more unified culturally than politically. Trade was common. The Maya traded in prestige items like obsidian, gold, feathers, and jade. They also traded in food items, particularly in later eras as the major cities grew too large to support their population. Warfare was also common: skirmishes to take slaves and victims for sacrifice were common, and all-out wars not unheard of. Tikal was defeated by rival Calakmul in 562, causing a century-long hiatus in its power before it reached its former glory once again. The powerful city of Teotihuacan, just north of present-day Mexico City, wielded great influence on the Mayan world and even replaced the ruling family of Tikal in favor of one more friendly to their city. Politics and the Decline of the Maya The Classic Era was the height of the Mayan civilization culturally, politically, and militarily. Between A.D. 700 and 900, however, the Maya civilization began a swift and irreversible decline. The reasons the Mayan society fell are still a mystery, but theories abound. As the Maya civilization grew, warfare between city-states grew as well: entire cities were attacked, defeated, and destroyed. The ruling class grew as well, placing a strain on the working classes, which may have resulted in civil strife. Food became a problem for some Maya cities as the population grew. When trade could no longer make up the differences, hungry citizens may have revolted or fled. The Mayan rulers might have avoided some of these calamities. Source McKillop, Heather. The Ancient Maya: New Perspectives. Reprint edition, W. W. Norton Company, July 17, 2006.

How To Produce A High School Newspaper Essays - Journalism

How To Produce A High School Newspaper Essays - Journalism How to produce a high school newspaper I sat nervously in front of the classroom while my hands shook uncontrollably. I sat and watched each member of my staff walk into the classroom one by one. Lumps formed in my throat as I tried to swallow them into my churning stomach. These were the chosen students who were going to depend on me, their editor-in-chief, for guidance and assistance. All of a sudden, a piercing ringing of the bell indicated that it was time for me to begin. I was the person in charge of nineteen fellow peers. I wasn?t sure what to expect while hundreds of questions raced through my mind: What if they don?t listen to me? What if I?m not experienced enough? Can I just forget about this and go home? The first day of class was the most nerve wracking and scariest day I have ever had to experience during the course of my short-lived newspaper career. Coordinating a high school newspaper staff and creating a newspaper every three weeks is a lot of fun, but on the other hand, it involves a lot frustration. Much goes into producing a high school newspaper, but most important is the ability to manage and organize a group of people within an allotted amount of time. Patience is also crucial in order to understand and help other staff members. However, when it?s completed, the satisfaction is its own reward. Before understanding the entire newspaper production process, there are a few key people whose duties rely heavily on it. The editor-in-chief is the actual ?big cheese? or ?head honcho.? As the editor-in-chief, it was my job to organize and lead the class during every issue to produce a newspaper. This stressful position required good leadership skills, people skills, and production skills since the other staff members depended on me, the editor-in-chief, to direct them. The advisor is usually a teacher who doesn?t actual run the class, but advises the editor-in-chief when needed. Section editors have the duty of laying out each page in their section. Some section editors have assistants to help them, but most don?t because they usually only have two to three pages. Reporters are the glue in this process. Everything relies on their story and the deadlines they meet. Their main duty is to meet the deadlines. If a reporter misses a deadline, or they are late, then the entire production process gets held back. For instance, if a story is not ready, the section editor can?t layout the page without a story; the photographers can?t size the pictures onto a page without a story on it; the advisor can?t final that page until its completed with a picture and story on it; and finally, the editor-in-chief can?t take the paper to press without the pages finaled. So, everything that happens revolves around the reporter and his/her story. The second duty of a reporter is to write a story interesting enough so that the readers will read it. There is no point in writing a story just to take up space. If that were the case, then the efforts (of the entire class) would be meaningless. Photographers also have many duties. They are responsible for taking and printing all the pictures that will be placed in the newspaper. The pictures must be visible and exciting to attract the reader?s attention to the story. Sometimes, they have to take twenty or thirty pictures of one athletic event to get that one good action shot. In order to follow the procedures of newspaper production, there are a few terms and newspaper lingo to understand. Dummy sheets are the sheets of paper where section editors design the pre-layout of their pages. Each section editor is responsible for about two to three pages. To crop a picture means to cut a picture or clip art in the appropriate proportions to the picture box where it is to be placed. Copy is the actual text. All the cartoon-like pictures or hand-drawn pictures are the clip art designs. Gutters are the columns between the text that must remain empty. When a story or layout is finaled, the reporter has been through the process of

Chicago riots Essays - Red Summer, Free Essays, Term Papers

Chicago riots Essays - Red Summer, Free Essays, Term Papers HIS-2020G The importance of little factors that can lead up to becoming huge and having great effects on actions. For blacks and whites both the riot was just a built up increase of hostility that has been going on for quite some time. One thing can be said though that the Chicago incidents seem to be the more ruthless and aggressive when compared to others. It may have been because of the blacks resiliency not to lie down and to fight back. A lot of the time it causes even more anger to mix when compared to a nonviolent approach. Nevertheless, the Chicago riots and the incidents that led up to it were huge in status. A young black man named Eugene Williams swam past an unseen line of segregation at a popular public beach on Lake Michigan, Chicago. He was stoned by several white bystanders, knocked unconscious and drowned, and his death set off one of the bloodiest riots in Chicagos history. The reason why the Chicago race riots was crazy because of the Eugene Williams situation and doing that time thirty-eight people died (23 African American and 15 white) and over five hundred were injured. You can relate this back to what going on in present time with the police brutality how they killing African American teens for no reason just because they believe they up to no good. The Eugene Williams situation really set things off thats why Chicago had that big on of riots just like when had one Baltimore with the Mike Brown brutality and Trayvon Martin in Miami, Flordia when he was shot in killed because he had jacket on very late night outside. The white man have to believe that he was up to no good which is not fair and African American should be stereotypes as that. Michael Brown, an unarmed black teenager, was shot and killed on Aug. 9, 2014, by Darren Wilson, a white police officer. I believe we can both say this both of my reasons relate to what happen Eugene Williams that primary reason of the Chicago race riots just how start it both of the riots in Miami, Flordia and Baltimore of a killing of a teens just because the white men believe they have the right to do that. The Chicago race riot was not the result of the incident alone. Several factors, including the economic, social and political differences between blacks and whites, the post-war sky and the psychology of race relations in 1919, combined to make Chicago a prime target for this event. Although the riot was a spark for several short-term solutions to the racial tensions, it did little to improve race relations in the long run. It was many years before the nation truly addressed the underlying conflicts that sparked the riot of 1919. WWI provided tons of industrial work and over 400,000 African Americans migrated from the South to Northern cities between 1916-1918 alone. The first Great Migration lasted until 1930, The Great Migration was the movement of 2 million blacks out of the Southern United States to the Northeast, Midwest and West from 1910 to 1930. African Americans migrated to escape racism and prejudice in the south, as well as to seek jobs in industrial cities and resulted in a major shift in where African Americans lived in the United States. Many blacks went north during the great migration due to the fact of believing that they would get better jobs and fair treatment in the north. The Chicago race riot caused by hatred for one another of members of different races in the same community which is crazy. The black people had suffered the brunt of the bloodshed, They had also been arrested by police at twice the rate of whites. Many blacks viewed the migration as a well inspired deliverance from the land of suffering. The south could be hostile, but the north could be careful, cold, and lonely. A group of white men threw stones at Williams, hitting him, and he drowned. When police officers arrived on the scene, they refused to arrest the white man. Which bring me back to Trayvon Martin situation when he was shot in

How does the Constitution establish and maintain a culture of liberty Essay

How does the Constitution establish and maintain a culture of liberty - Essay Example These rights are generally acknowledged to be beyond the control of the government. Individual liberty is plays a critical part in achieving individual and societal progress. It is important for attainment of the truth and should be defended from any form of tyranny. Individual liberty forms the basis of universal freedom and human rights. The philosophy of individual liberty is the core value that protects individuals’ freedom, and gives them the right to safeguard their rights. Individual liberty imposes responsibility for self-governance and freedom of choice on an individual. In regards to individual liberty contribution to the constitution’s preservation of liberty, the â€Å"self† factors associated with free men come into play: self-respect (spiritual), self-reliance (economic), and self-discipline (political-social). Self-respect results from the realization of an individual that they are of divine creation and that the spiritual is supreme. These facts a re illustrated in the individuals’ effort in maintaining integrity of unalienable rights. Principles of self-respect insist that people should respect other people. Realization of this aspect of liberty translates to equality and mutual respect among members of the society, which is the main objective of the constitution. The self-reliance factor advocates for economic independence of individuals from others and the government. Economic reliance on other individuals is considered the source of evils in the society. An economically independent individual is a free man enjoying liberty. From Alexander Hamilton’s quote, power over a man’s subsistence contributes power over his free will. Economic independence rids the community of social evils that threaten liberty of individuals. Self-discipline of individuals involves their good-will performance of duties assigned to them. Self-discipline advocates for the truth, a principle that states that there is no right apa rt from duty, and no freedom or liberty apart from responsibility. Self-discipline draws the boundary between the rights of individuals and equal rights of others in the society. This means that individuals in the society understand their rights, and the boundary that separates those rights with the equality of other people. Such an understanding in the society will create sound conduct in the general community concerning maintenance and upholding of individuals’ liberty. It highlights the political-social characteristic of free man living among free men surrounded by an environment of freedom. Several founders highlight the importance of individual rights and citizen’s liberty. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote that one important duty of the government to its citizen was to safeguard the inalienable rights of individuals, which include liberty, life, and pursuit of happiness. The Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment safeguards individuals’ li berty, life, and property without due process (Bills of Rights Institute). They secure and safeguard the blessings of individuals’ liberty. Another founder, James Wilson, explained the importance of liberty in laws, saying that law without liberty is meaningless. Individual and religious liberty remains one of the most essential principles of the human freedom. Founded by Ambassador John L. Loeb, it paved way to freedom of warship and free exercising of individual faith to all religious minorities by the Government. It was due to the Ambassador, the founder, that American Experiment became a

The Myth of Americanism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Myth of Americanism - Essay Example American values are a direct product of its body of creation stories encompassed by the culture. Americans believe in individuality, self-sufficiency (the idea of "rags to riches" or being a "self-made man") and the inherently optimistic (and perhaps unrealistic) "American Dream". Americans believe that anything is possible. Children grow up being told that they can have or achieve anything if they work hard enough. They are told that anyone can grow up to be president, and that that is part of what makes America great. This is perhaps the biggest mythological trope in American society-that in the "land of opportunity" anyone can get ahead if they are willing to work for it, and that all members of society begin on an even playing field. These three ideas, individuality, self-sufficiency, and the "American dream" or "Land of Opportunity" where anything is possible are closely linked, and stem from beliefs about the creation of America itself that directly mirror other creation storie s from around the world. Furthermore, these deeply held beliefs permeate the American psyche, coloring our perceptions of success and failure. The theme of individuality is especially present in the Gospel of John. This myth is very pertinent to modern American society as it is a version of creation with which most citizens will be familiar; many Americans actively believe in this creation myth, and thus it shapes American society closely. The Fourth Gospel of John is seen in Christian mythology to enhance the creation story of Genesis, inserting an explanation for the presence of Jesus Christ. The Creator has gone from a relatively impersonal, genderless, plural God (elohim is the Hebrew plural for "God") to a personified Jesus Christ. Jesus is a God, but he is also a man. This version of creation places him present at the very moment the world was made: "3. All things were made by him; and without him was not anything made that was made. 4 In him was life; and the life was the light of men." (qtd in Leeming 35) Furthermore, the gospel states "6 There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. 7 The same came for a wit ness, to bear witness of the Light, that all men through him might believe." (qtd in Leeming 35) The inclusion of a mortal, John, in this revised version of creation further humanizes the myth. The impact this has had on modern Americans is most clear among Christians, for obvious reasons: the popular phrase "Jesus is my personal savior" emphasizes this individual, personal connection to divinity which is a hallmark not just of American Christians, but of the American tendency to personalize religion which is seen among everyone from modern Pagans who choose which deities to worship, to acculturated members of other faiths such as Judaism or Hinduism who participate in religious practice on a selective basis. Religion, like the rest of American life, is seen as a matter of individualized, personal choice. Self-sufficiency is central in the Hopi myth of the Sun and the Spider Woman. In this myth, the two collaborate to create the world, dividing themselves into various aspects of the divine to perform specific tasks. Upon creating people, Spider Woman says: "The woman of the clan shall build the house, and the family name shall descend through her. She shall be house builder and homemaker. She shall mold

Legislative Proposal Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Legislative Proposal Topic - Essay Example In addition, containers with a capacity less than 750 milliliters would not contain 4 liters of the beverage. Secondly, the current law prohibits transportation of alcoholic beverages that comes from industries outside Commonwealth according to part B. Such transportation limitation remains limited to less than four liters of beverage of one gallon especially when transit occurs in metric-sized containers (LIS 1 ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­). Based on part A2, alcoholic beverages other than wine and beer, four gallons, provided that not more than one gallon of that shall be in containers holding less than one-fifth of a gallon. If any part of alcoholic beverage in transit remains held in metric sized containers, the four gallons limitation shall be taken as 12 liters, with not more than 6 liters of that should thereof be containers having a capacity less than 750 milliliters. The proposal as mentioned in part B below, aims at increasing transit quantities. As aforementioned, the proposal for the part B of the law seeks to increase the amount of other alcohol such as spirits in transit within the state. For the beverage produced in common wealth, the amount transported at a time should increase limits from three liters to four liters. For alcohol produced outside the Commonwealth, quantity limit should increase to two galloons from current one gallon. The amendment will not change morality of taking alcohol or endanger society culture. Larger quantity purchase guarantees better discounts on the prices of alcohol gives clients. Citizens of Virginia will be able to buy and transport larger alcohol quantities hence will save large amount of money. In addition, liquor stores will make more return to raise livelihood of personnel working in the premises while at the same time remitting higher tax return to the government. The current law seems to be unfair in regulation spirits manufacturing companies’ products. The amendment will also improve social life of those organizing legal

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Term Paper

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) - Term Paper Example The Congress noted that the activities of man had profound effects on the environment. These activities include: industrialization, high-density urbanization, resource exploitation and technological novelties. To top it off, there was the issue of population growth. The Congress set to the purpose of restoring and maintaining the environment because it in turn reflected on the prosperity of the human race. The intention was to achieve these goals with the partnership of the state, the private and public sectors and the support of local governments. The required support was to be in the form of financial and technical assistance. The Congress had the intention of preserving a future in which the environment and the human race were in harmony for their future generations, (Pub. L. 91-190, 42 U.S.C. 4321-4347, January 1, 1970). Being motivated by the notion of equal rights of each person to enjoy a healthy environment, the Congress set the Act into motion and outlined the responsibiliti es of the Federal Government. The government was required to use all resources at its disposal to ensure that Federal plans and functions related to environmental conservation processes are improved for the sake of the nation. It was in the 1950s and 1960s that the outcry of the public on matters concerning the state of the environment was heard and acted upon by the Congress. A series of congressional debates ensued soon after and a national environmental policy was the outcome. The policy targeted federal agencies which at the time were the main culprits in environmental pollution.

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business Law - Essay Example F12A (Meaning of dangerous driving) further states ‘For the purposes of sections 1 and 2 above a person is to be regarded as driving dangerously if (and, subject to subsection (2) below, only if) — (a) the way he drives falls far below what would be expected of a competent and careful driver, and (b) it would be obvious to a competent and careful driver that driving in that way would be dangerous’ (legislation.gov.uk). Moreover, section 131A (Compensation in respect of suspension) of the Road Traffic Act (1988) states ‘The Secretary of State must by regulations make a scheme for the making of payments by the Secretary of State to persons’ (legislation.gov.uk). He is offering service for a cost to prospective clients which is a contract implied and this comes under the purview of Consumer Protection Act. The Transport Company has the obligation of taking care of the passenger safety. Persons driving any type of vehicle are to have to be insured under R oad Traffic Act 1988, UK (legislation.gov.uk). Though the driver applied brakes to avoid hitting a lorry, it was the duty of the driver to notice the lorry well in advance and bring the vehicle under control, which could have averted applying brakes instantly. The passengers can make their claim against the driver’s insurance company. ... The passengers also have their responsibility of not violating the instructions during a journey and insist that the children should be restrained to the seats with adequate safety measures (Williams and Zador: 69). This can be applied here also. 1. b) 17 Hastings L.J. 165 (1965-1966)  Enterprise Liability: Some Exploratory Comments; Steffen, Roscoe  opines that the action of the employer is responsible for the employee action or the product. The proof of a defective service provided by any service provider to the consumer, is sufficient to claim compensation. Hence, in this case the Lancung Transport shall also become liable for the action of the driver. According to the ‘Owner Liability’ Law this can be grouped under ‘vicarious liability (hse.gov.uk). Annex to Paper HSC/04/131 of the Health and Safety Executive UK, part 13, states ‘ In summary, the Health and Safety Commission has not therefore achieved aim of denying all third parties the right to brin g civil claims for a breach of duty imposed by health and safety regulations. Further, and for the reasons out below, employers could be vicariously liable to third parties for an employee’s breach of statutory duty under regulation 14’ (hse.gov.uk). The Transport company can be held liable for the action of the driver, who is an employee working for the principal. The company or the employer is liable for the mistakes committed by its employees. The company can be held responsible either jointly or severally for the negligent act of the employee who is on their employment chart, under the doctrine of "respondeat superior" (Larson). As per this doctrine, an employer shall become responsible for the actions of the employee within the purview of their

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Term Paper

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) - Term Paper Example The Congress noted that the activities of man had profound effects on the environment. These activities include: industrialization, high-density urbanization, resource exploitation and technological novelties. To top it off, there was the issue of population growth. The Congress set to the purpose of restoring and maintaining the environment because it in turn reflected on the prosperity of the human race. The intention was to achieve these goals with the partnership of the state, the private and public sectors and the support of local governments. The required support was to be in the form of financial and technical assistance. The Congress had the intention of preserving a future in which the environment and the human race were in harmony for their future generations, (Pub. L. 91-190, 42 U.S.C. 4321-4347, January 1, 1970). Being motivated by the notion of equal rights of each person to enjoy a healthy environment, the Congress set the Act into motion and outlined the responsibiliti es of the Federal Government. The government was required to use all resources at its disposal to ensure that Federal plans and functions related to environmental conservation processes are improved for the sake of the nation. It was in the 1950s and 1960s that the outcry of the public on matters concerning the state of the environment was heard and acted upon by the Congress. A series of congressional debates ensued soon after and a national environmental policy was the outcome. The policy targeted federal agencies which at the time were the main culprits in environmental pollution.

ARISTOTLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ARISTOTLE - Essay Example He posited that the citizenship of the people should not be classified on the basis of their possession of wealth but other features like their age. For example the older experienced lot would be the ones with mature thinking and the younger people would be those who are yet to pass through the stages of development. Thus according to Aristotle the older people who had more experience would be having a superior position as the citizen rather than the younger people. The older people would be wise enough to take the right decision in construction and execution of the government. He also mentioned that it was not possible to separate the outsiders of the state who took part in the affairs of the state from those who are actually originating from the state. He included in his theory the fact that the children who are born to the parents who are citizens would automatically become citizens of the state (Frede, 2005). Thus citizens have been perceived as those who are supposed to share th e office of the government. Aristotle had conceived of a small state where the people would participate in the various kinds of political affairs and would comprise of the citizens. Small state was a feasible option according to Aristotle because the people would in such case be able to directly participate in the affairs. Every people living in a particular state would know about the other person and therefore the understanding of each others’ character would be easier. The identity of a particular state would be identified by the location and the residents of the state. The state ideally should be set up in such a way that the happiness of the citizens is fulfilled and they can develop a positive feeling for their fellow citizens. Therefore there should be a water body located nearby so that trade among people and across states can take place easily. There should be a constitution of the state that would lay down the rules and regulations and therefore it would contain the true essence of the state. However, he had classified this into two types. One is that which looks into the interest of the common man and therefore is favorable to everyone in the state. It is the just constitution. The unjust one is that which is only inclined in the retention of power and look into selfish interests. Thus monarchy that takes care of all the citizens is a fair form of government while tyranny that is detrimental to the other citizens is not acceptable. He also added that power should be distributes across the people and the person who carries out a particular work efficiently should be entrusted with that work. Aristotle claimed that there was a relationship of discomfort between the rich and the poor in the society. It was the middle class that acted as the balancing force in the society. The balance of power would be ensured if there is equitable distribution of power between the poor and the rich (Collin, 2006). Aristotle believed that education and knowledge w as essential for the proper conservation of the constitution. It is also not justifiable to allow all the men to interfere into the affairs of the state. However, time to time scrutiny is required at the same time by the common man. Education would give rise to rational thought and policies by of the state can be formulated through the use of rational ideas. Aristotle also

Business Environment of Sri Lanka Telecom Plc Essay Example for Free

Business Environment of Sri Lanka Telecom Plc Essay If not for all of them my assignment wouldn’t have been a success. Kevin De Silva Executive Summary This assignment gives an exhaustive analysis focusing mainly on the business environment on one of the most leading companies in the communication industry of Sri Lanka. It is also the national telecommunication service provider of the country, Sri Lanka Telecom PLC. Task one gives an in-depth analysis of what the organization is, on what corner stone’s it is built on, what it is now, and its purpose of existence, based on their norms, beliefs and traditions. Such as their vision, mission, aims, goals, market share and market growth. It also shows the relationship between the organization and its stakeholders, considering the expectations of the stakeholders, and the responsibility the organization has towards them. Task two (part one), explains the market types that are available in the industry, and in which market type SLT operates in. It also shows the demand in the total industry versus the supply of SLT showing how much of the market is being served and satisfied by them. The reasons for their success in being the number one service provider is identified through their level of innovation, technology and research and development, and is also shown how it is linked in operating in the global arena and the global impact of the organization, the markets they are targeting and how they are planning to enter those emerging markets. At the end of these two tasks we will have a very good understanding on the business environment of Sri Lanka Telecom PLC. Task two (part two), with related to the previous tasks have a more generalized approach. It speaks about two main instruments in the economy the monetary and fiscal policy. This is then related to Sri Lanka and United Kingdom by showing the similarities and differences in the execution of these policies. It then shows the effects of these economic policies on the communication industry, by showing how it affects the sales and production. The tax trend of the organization and reasons for the trend are also shown. All these information will be presented briefly and clearly in a single page poster. Task two (part three), is a presentation on the key economic factors of Mexico. The slides of the presentation are attached. California Management Review. 1983. Stockholders and Stakeholders: A new perspective on Corporate Governance. ) Diagram 3 – Categorization of Stakeholders â€Å"We have thus enhanced value with each of our stakeholder segments – shareholders, customers, employees, investors, suppliers, regulatory and other related state authorities, the media, the community and in the larger context, the State. † (Sri Lanka Telecom. 2011. Sustainability Report: 2010. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Telecom. ) 3. 2 Employees Employees are those who keep the organization in operation, while expecting salaries and wages in return, along with job security and job satisfaction. They have the power to influence the quality of the service of the organization. SLT has a labour force of 6,297 as of June 2011. (TRCSL. 13/10/2011. Telecommunication Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka: Statistics 2011 June. [Online]. Available: http://www. trc. gov. lk/information/statistics. html. [27/12/2011]. ) 3. 3 Shareholders Shareholders are those who invest in the organization expecting higher dividends. They have the power to elect the directors of the organization. Shareholders of SLT are as follows, * Government of Sri Lanka which holds 52% * Global Telecommunication Holdings N. V. of Netherlands 44. 98% * Public 3. 02% 3. 4 Customers Customers are the key stakeholders of any organization, if not for customers the organization wouldn’t exist. They expect value for money and good services, and they have the power to influence the revenue of the business. SLT’s customer base is over 5. 5million. â€Å"The SLT Group has a customer base of over five and a half million including multinational corporations, large and small corporate, retail and domestic customers† (Sri Lanka Telecom. 2011. Management Report: 2010. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Telecom. ) 3. 5 Suppliers Suppliers are those who supply all the raw materials for an organization to function. In the case of SLT it could be electronic equipment and accessories that aid the telecommunication industry. The suppliers influence the quality, price and availability of the products, and they expect prompt payments and long term contracts. Some of the suppliers for SLT are ZTE Corporation China and other suppliers from Thailand. â€Å"†¦. while related team members visited the equipment supplier in Thailand for more in depth skill development† (Sri Lanka Telecom. 2011. Management Report: 2010. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Telecom. ) 3. 6 Government Diversify our portfolio of products and services and diversify our business through new innovative business models, sustainable partnerships. (Sri Lanka Telecom. 2011. Management Report: 2010. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Telecom. ) 4. 5 Market Share Fixed and Mobile Broadband – Total Market Share Diagram 4 – Total Market Share (Fixed and Mobile Broadband) Fixed Line – Total Market Share Diagram 5 – Total Market Share (Fixed Line) (Sri Lanka Telecom. 2011. Annual Report: 2010,2009,2008,2007,2006. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Telecom. ) 4. 6 Growth of Market Share

The Motorcycle Diaries (2004) Summary and Analysis

The Motorcycle Diaries (2004) Summary and Analysis The Motorcycle Diaries, directed by Walter Salles traces an 8000-mile journey of two close friends, Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, who would become the iconic Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara and his friend, Alberto Granado. As they travel from Argentina to Peru by motorcycle, truck, raft and foot looking for adventure, they gain a new perspective of the world that they never expected to garner. As Ernesto and Alberto cross of thousands of miles across Latin America, from one country to another, the borders between each country vanish and the continent itself surfaces as a whole, one entity united. Ernesto, toward the end of the movie, poignantly makes his birthday speech before a toast, â€Å"This journey has only confirmed this belief, that the division of America into unstable and illusory nations is a complete fiction. We are one single mestizo race from Mexico to the Magellan Straits.† The extensive landscape scenes show an immense geographical diversity, from dense forests to snowy mountains to arid deserts to thick jungle, from the wild to the rural to the urban. Yet in each place, the two Argentinians feel connected to the people, to the land, and its history. On the journey, Che and Granado see poverty and oppression constantly haunting all across Latin America and lend a helping hand to the oppressed. They realise that the injustices and suffering of poor and powerless Latin Americans are not confined by frontiers but that they almost characterise the continent as a whole. The young men who were initially looking forward to a trip full of adventure and romance find lines of indigenous people on the mountain roads, homeless in their own land. They meet a peasant couple who has been forced onto the road and lost many friends because of their communist beliefs. Che enrages at a copper mining companys maltreatment of the workers who must beg for work in the brutal mines. During their visit to the ruins of the once splendid Inca city of Machu Picchu, the two comrades dolefully compare it to the vast slums of Lima in Peru established by the conquerors. While Granado dreams of a peaceful return to the glories of the past, Che muses on the power of guns and on how a civilisation of such magnificence and beauty could have been destroyed by the creators of such a polluted, decayed city of Lima and blurts out, â€Å"A revolution without guns? It will never work.† As the journey continues, Ernestos connection to people in need grows more and more tangible throughout the film. In Peru where Che and Granado volunteer for three weeks at the San Pablo leper colony, refuses to wear rubber gloves during his visit choosing instead to shake bare hands with startled leper inmates. There, Guevara sees both physically and metaphorically the division of society the staff live on the north side of a river, separated from the lepers living on the south. At the end of the journey and after his stay at the leper colony, Ches egalitarian, anti-authority beliefs grow in him and, at his birthday toast, puts much emphasis on a united Latin American identity that transcends the narrow-minded provincialism and the limited boundaries of nation and race. That night, Che makes his symbolic final journey when despite his asthma, he swims across the river that splits the two societies of the leper colony, spends the night in a leper shack, instead of in the cabins of t he doctors. It symbolises his adamant and fierce desire to bring justice and equality to the oppressed, to the society and to Latin America. These encounters with social injustice transform the way Guevara sees the world and allegedly motivates his later political activities as a revolutionary. And there is an urgent question posing itself before Che: on which side of the river is he going to spend all his life? Which side of the tracks? Che is challenged by all that he has seen. By the end of the journey, Che has undergone a conversion. â€Å"I think of things in different ways, something has changed in me.† The testimonies of the many downtrodden South Americans that he has encountered have inspired Che to begin his search for this solution.

Tonys Dreams in The Sopranos Essay -- Sopranos Show TV Psychoanalysis

Tony's Dreams in The Sopranos Intro Television has always tried to provide a true representation of the human condition. This is evident in the emergence of reality shows, shows based on true stories, and very realistic fiction. The sopranos is one of the few fictional shows that faithfully simulate the situations it tries to recreate. The sopranos is a show on HBO about Tony Soprano and his life in the mob. The show, created by David chase, shows immense Freudian influence in many scenes involving psychotherapy, Freudian theories, symbolism and dreams. David chase himself studied psychology in collage and admits it’s influence on the show. This report will deal with a series of dreams Tony soprano experiences in one episode of the show (season 2, â€Å"funhouse†). Background Tony soprano is the main character of the show. He is the boss of the soprano crime family and his life is divided into two sections. His family life and his criminal life. Even though they are mixed, both provide a separate view of Tony soprano as a man. At home, he lives with wife Carmela, son Anthony, and daughter meadow. His family, while at times dysfunctional, manages to stick together. He constantly cheats on his wife and doesn’t spend much time with his children. Meadow leaves the family to go to collage and Anthony Jr. struggles to make it through out high school. Even thought Tony shows consistent disappointment of Anthony Jr., it doesn’t come close to the emotions he has toward his mother. She mistreated Tony as a child and provided nothing but bad memories. His experience with his mother might have let him to posses a subconscious hatred for females, which he displays by only viewing them as sex objects. Tony didn’t have a bad relationship with his fa ther growing up, but that’s because he always blamed his mother. His uncle Jr., conspired with Tony’s mom to kill him after he was out of jail. This, and other events, let to they’re lack of communication. Tony’s crime family consist of his cousin, Christopher, under bosses like Big Puss, Pauly walnuts, Silvio Dante and other business associates. This group is loyal, but never hesitate to kill any one for they’re own benefit. They treat each other with the illusion of respect and honor, which (the lack of) is the cause for many of the conflicts present in the show. Involve in the middle of all of this is his psychothe... ...f by the ducks right?†. Verbal word play initiates and it eventually leads to sex. This dream shows us that the music indeed is a sexual cue. This is true because when the sexual acts start, the music gets louder and louder. Tony shows that he is able to control a lucid dream to a certain extent. The fact that he is aware of the dream shows that he is more in touch with his sub conscious then previously thought. Again, Tony is discussing Big Puss. Tony seems to realize that Big Puss is the enemy he has being hearing about. Sixth Dream This dreams concludes the series of dreams that define this episode. In this dream Tony is near a fish stand and talks to a fish. The fish is the same type of fish that he eats at the Indian restaurant. The fish that talks, is talking with Big Puss’ voice. He confesses, that he has being ratting out the mafia to the FBI. Tony questions him and gets angry. This scene displays obvious influence by the godfather. The term â€Å"sleep with the fishes† is used here by a dead fish. This forshawdoes the death of Big Puss and brings the story full circle.It is also ironic that the fish that got tony sick, gave tony the answer to solve his problem.

Disney Princess Pictures: Chores, Mirrors, and Chameleons Essay

Disney Princess Pictures: Chores, Mirrors, and Chameleons At the start of Walt Disney Pictures’ Tangled, a title card cataloging the feature as Walt Disney Animation Studio’s 50th Animated Motion Picture appeared. The studio’s first animated motion picture, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, premiered to audiences in 1937. Over this 73 year gap and 50-movie timeline, how has the Disney animated motion picture changed, or even so, not changed at all? Both features follow the tale of their respective heroine, Snow White in Snow White, and Rapunzel in Tangled. Snow White as Disney’s first princess is simple. Her high pitched voice allows for a feeling on innocence and naivety. Characterized in her opening song, â€Å"I’m Wishing,† Snow White fetches water out of a well while singing to her reflection. 73 years later, the princess has matured. Rapunzel, while still encompassing the traditional traits of a Disney princess, has some edge. She’s an adventure prone 17 year old who is curious about the world outside of her tower. Compared to Snow White’s â€Å"I’m Wishing†, Rapunzel’s opening song, â€Å"When will my Life Begin,† clearly demonstrates the maturity and complexity that the Disney leading lady now has in a new century. From Snow White to Cinderella to Sleeping Beauty, the early Disney princesses throughout the 1930s to 1950s have all focused heavily on cleaning and completing chores. For example, in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Snow Whites main duty and reason for being able to stay in the seven dwarfs cottage is that she will cook and clean constantly for the little men. In Tangled however, the first lines of the film put this stereotypical Princess cleaning pattern in the trash. Rapunzel begins her song, â€Å"When will m... ... purposes, both films achieve different tones for death and marketability. Available technologies during the time of the creation also influence how the picture looks and is represented, but not necessarily how the story is told. This right balance and blend of accepted traditions and drifts from the princess archetype, utilization of technology, and focuses on audience creates a perfect potion, making the Disney Animated Studios a jugunate in children’s animation for years to come. Works Cited Disney’s Tangled. Disney Enterprises, Inc., 2010. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. . Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Walt Disney Pictures, 1937. Film Tangled. Walt Disney Pictures, 2010. Film. Wojcik-Andrews, Ian. Children’s Films: History, Ideology, Pedagogy, Theory. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc, 2000. Print.

Calculate the Window of Vulnerability Essay

To resolve the issue of the window of vulnerability (WoV), we would need to get the patch from Microsoft. According to Microsoft, it will take up to 3 days for the patch to be available. Then, we would need additional time to download and test the patch to make sure that this is what is needed to fix the security breach on the SMB server. After doing the testing, the IT department would need time to install the patch onto the servers and deploy to the client computers. This will take 2 days to do, depending on the IT staff, if they work on weekends will determine the completion date. Meaning, if they will work on the weekend, then the deployment to all computers and servers will be done by that Sunday. If not, then it will be the following Tuesday. So, the time that is needed would be a week. To recap, the security breach was reported on a Friday. On Monday, looked on Microsoft’s website to see when the patch would be released, and it indicated that it would take 3 days for it to be available. Counting Monday, 3 days would be, Wednesday. Depending on the time that the patch is released on Wednesday, would need an additional 2 days to download and test the patch before deploying, if early Wednesday, then Thursday to test. But if it comes late Wednesday, then it would take Thursday and Friday to test. Then that would leave the weekend, if the IT staff would work on the weekend. But if not, then it is going to restart on Monday and complete on Tuesday.

Forest Conservation Essay

INTRODUCTION The June 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), underlined the necessity for all countries to develop harmonised approaches in the management, conservation and sustainable development of global forests is essential to meet the socio-economic and environmental needs of the present and future generations. To achieve this goal, the UNCED also realised, among others, the need to sustain the multiple roles and functions of all types of forests, as well as the need to enhance forest conservation, management, and global forest cover as outlined in Programmes A and B of Chapter 11 under Agenda 21, respectively. In addition, the need to ensure the conservation and sustainable utilisation of biological diversity is also emphasised under Chapter 15 of Agenda 21. While all these are now being recognised, the priority is to operationalise and implement the UNCED programmes, bearing in mind that the full implementation of the adopted Statement of Forest Principles and the various forestry programme areas under Agenda 21 is feasible only on the basis of international efforts towards attaining concrete goals. Hence, this paper is intended to provide a basis for discussion on the implementation of specific aspects of these programmes, particularly that on forest conservation, enhancement of forest cover and the roles of forests, as well as to suggest possible areas of collaboration for national and international actions. 2. FOREST CONSERVATION Forests are influenced by climate, landform and soil composition and they exist in a wide variety of forms in the tropical, temperate and boreal zones of the world. Each forest type, evergreen and deciduous, coniferous and broadleaved, wet and dry, as well as closed and open canopy forests, has its own uniqueness and together these forests complement one another and perform the various socio-economic, ecological, environmental, cultural and spiritual functions. Recent surveys on a global basis suggest that there are about 1.4 million documented species, and the general consensus is that this is an underestimate – perhaps 5 – 50 million species exist in the natural ecosystems of forests, savannas, pastures and rangelands, deserts, tundra, lakes and seas. Farmers’ fields and gardens are also importance repositories of biological resources. In this context, it has been acknowledged that forests are rich in biological resources. Though covering only 13.4 per cent of the Earth’s land surface, these forests contain half of all vertebrates, 60 per cent of all known plant species, and possibly 90 per cent of the world’s total species. However, recent studies have shown that temperate and boreal forests with their extremely varied ecosystems, especially those in climatic and geographical areas where old-growth forests still occur, may be even more diverse than tropical forests in terms of variation within some species. Eventhough temperate and boreal forests generally have far fewer tree species than tropical forests, often having a tenth or less in total, certain temperate and boreal forests are now thought to be as diverse, or even more diverse, than their tropical counterparts. For example, old-growth forests in Oregon, U.S.A. are found to have arthropods in leaf litter approaching 250 different species per square meter; with 90 genera being found in the H.J. Andrews Memorial Forest research area alone (Lattin, 1990). It has been suggested that a network of 500 protected and managed areas, with an average size of 200,000 hectares, covering 10 per cent of the remaining old-growth/primary forests be the minimum acceptable target (Anon, 1991 & IUCN/UNEP/WWF, 1991). To enhance this networking and to optimise the global representativeness of these biogeographic areas for the conservation of biological diversity, a list of these areas based on mutually agreed terms by national governments should be formulated. It should also include the identification of these biogeographic areas and the development of joint mechanisms, as well as the quantification of the costs involved and the identification of sources of fund needed to manage and conserve these areas. Joint mechanisms for possible international cooperation to establish transboundary biogeographic areas should also be implemented. However, it has been recognized that totally protected areas can never be sufficiently extensive to provide for the conservation of all ecological processes and for all species. Nonetheless, there is a need to establish a minimum acceptable national target to be designated as forest conservation areas in each country. This effort could be further enhanced by establishing buffer zones of natural forests around the protected area where an inner buffer zone is devoted to basic and applied research, environmental monitoring, traditional land use, recreation and tourism or environmental education and training; and an outer buffer zone where research is applied to meet the needs of the local communities. Such management practices are in consonance with Principle 8(e) of the Forest Principles. Besides the need to set aside conservation areas, it is now being increasingly realised that sustainable production of wood, through environmentally sound selective harvesting practices is one of the most effective ways in ensuring in-situ conservation of the biological diversity of forest ecosystems. Such selectively harvested and managed forests will retain most of the diversity of the old-growth/primary forests both in terms of numbers and population of species. The economic value of the wood and the environmental benefits produced would fully justify investments made in maintaining the forest cover as exemplified in such practices in ensuring its sustainability. The implementation of environmentally sound selective harvesting practices would go a long way in promoting in-situ conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable utilisation of the forest resources. In this regard, the establishment of tree plantations would alleviate the pressure on over-harvesting the natural forests in view of the increasing demand of wood from the forests. The sustainable production of forest goods and services and the conservation of biological diversity in forest ecosystems, as well as the equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilisation of the genetic resources would require concrete actions at both the national and international levels. In this context, it is imperative that national policy and strategies, among others, should set target on the optimum forest area for forest conservation and for the sustainable production of goods and services, as well as outline relevant measures to enhance both ex-situ and in-situ forest conservation during forest harvesting. In some cases, long term measures may include the rehabilitation and re-creation of old-growth/primary forests. In this connection, it is imperative that countries having a high proportion of their land areas under forest cover, especially the developing countries, have access to new and additional financial resources and the â€Å"transfer of environmentally sound technologies and corresponding know-how on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms†, as reflected in Principles 10 and 11 respectively, of the Forest Principles; in order to ensure the sustainable management, conservation and development of their forest resources. Moreover, â€Å"trade in forest products should be based on non-discriminatory and multilaterally agreed rules and procedures consistent with international trade law and practices† and â€Å"unilateral measures,incompatible with international obligations or agreements, to restrict and/or ban international trade in timber or other forest products should be removed or avoided† as called for in Principles 13 (a) and 14 respectively, of the Forest Principles should be respected by the international community, in order to attain long-term sustainable forest conservation and management. 3. ENHANCEMENT OF FOREST COVER Enhancement of forest cover is to be viewed as a proactive measure taken to arrest and reverse the current trend of forest decline and degradation. In this context, the world’s forests have been under threat and are declining. It is estimated that forests covered four-fifths of the existing area at the beginning of the Eighteenth century. Of this total, approximately half were in tropical regions and half in temperate and boreal regions. However, these forests are declining as a result of deforestation. By the mid-Nineteenth century, it was estimated that global forest cover had decreased to 3,900 million hectares or 30 per cent of the world’s land area. The latest figure by the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations as reflected in the Forest Resources Assessment 1990 had estimated that global forest cover as at the end of 1990 had further decreased to 3,188 million hectares or about 24.4 per cent of the world’s land area. Processes of reduction and degradation of forest cover have led to an average annual loss of 0.6 per cent. Although the annual loss of temperate and boreal forests is said to be negligible in recent time, historically, large- scale deforestration had taken place in Europe during the Industrial Revolution to cater for the needs of agricultural expansion, building materials and industrial development (Hinde, 1985). In fact, it is estimated that almost 200 million hectares or more than 50 per cent of the original forest cover had been lost (UN, 1991). On the other hand, deforestation in the developing world is a rather recent phenomenon due to poverty, indebtedness and the increasing need for food, shelter and energy to cater for the growing population. In this regard, the four main causes of deforestation in developing countries are shifting cultivation, conversion to agriculture and pasture, wood removals for fuelwood and inappropriate timber utilisation, and the need for infrastructural development. For example, 39.5 per cent of the 1.54 million hectares of closed forest deforested between 1981 and 1990 in Africa was due to agriculture fallow and shifting cultivation, 35.1 per cent due to conversion to mainly permanent agriculture, and the balance 25.4 per cent due to over-exploitation and over-grazing (FAO, 1993a). However, as a result of improved socio-economic development in Africa, the rate of deforestation due to agriculture fallow and shifting cultivation had in fact decreased by 27.2 per cent when compared to 66.7 per cent which was recorded during the period 1976- 1980 (UN, 1991). Besides the loss of forest cover through deforestation, there has been a general degradation in the quality and health of global forests due to acid rain and other atmospheric pollutants, especially in developed countries, as well as through forest fires, unsustainable use as a result of inappropriate logging and fuelwood exploitation. The depletion of global forests and their degradation are causes for concern as they involve not only the loss of forest areas, but also the ultimate quality of the forests. If this trend is unchecked, the implications on the world would be catastrophic. Not only would the existence of all forest types be threatened, but the capability of these forests to perform their various roles and functions in perpetuity would also be seriously undermined. Hence, the need to address the decline in global forest areas and its degradation through enhancing forest cover is immediate. In this context, is the current global forest cover of 24.4 per cent sufficient? If not, what level of forest cover should we aim for in order to ensure that forest resources and forest lands are sustainably managed to meet the needs of the present and future generations? At the Ministerial Conference on Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change held in the Netherlands in November, 1989, the Noordwijk Declaration on Climate Change advocated a world net forest growth of 12 million hectares per year by the turn of the century while a global forest cover of 30 per cent by the year 2000 was proposed at the second Ministerial Conference of Developing Countries on Environment and Development held in Malaysia in April, 1992. There is every indication that the existing global forest cover should be enhanced through greening of the world. In this connection, restoration of all deforested lands in the industrialised world to close to the original levels of forest coverage is improbable, but this does not mean significant reforestation and afforestation are impossible. All countries which aim for a sound environmental future should set themselves a target of a minimum level of forest cover to be maintained in perpetuity. Countries having more than 30 per cent of their land areas under forest cover after taking into account their socio-economic development needs, particularly the developing countries, should be given incentives to improve the quality of their forests, as well as assistance given to reduce their dependence on wood especially as fuel. On the other hand, countries having less than 30 per cent of their land areas under forest cover, but have the means must increase and enhance their forest cover through rehabilitation and afforestation, which may include, in some cases, the conversion of heavily subsidised farms back to forests. As for those countries which are rich but are constrained by physical and climatic conditions to grow trees because of their geographic locations, they could play their roles by assisting the poorer countries in increasing and enhancing their forest cover. As the future of forests are not only dependent on their quantity, but their quality as well, it is pertinent that all forests, especially those temperate and boreal forests of the developed countries should be protected against air-borne pollutants, particularly that of acid deposition, which are harmful to the health of the forest ecosystems. Appropriate measures should also be taken to protect forests from fire. 4. ROLES OF FORESTS A well-managed forest is a constantly self-renewing resource and provides a wide range of benefits at local, national and global levels. Some of these benefits depend on the forest being left untouched or subject to minimal interference while others can only be realised by harvesting the forest. Among the most important roles of forests are sustainable production of wood and timber products, provision of food, shelter and energy, mitigation of climate change, conservation of water and soil, as well as for recreation and ecotourism. Forests are also important repositories of biological diversity. In this regard, wood is of major economic importance as in 1990 the world’s production of industrial timber was about 1,600 million cubic metres, of which about 75 per cent came from the developed countries, while international trade in wood and wood products, as well as paper and pulp is estimated to worth US$96,000 million a year, of which about US$12,500 million comes from developing country exports (FAO, 1993b). Besides, currently fuelwood comprises about 85 per cent of the wood consumed in the developing countries and accounts for more than 75 per cent of total energy consumption in the poorest countries and that over 2,000 million people use fuelwood as the primary source of fuel (UN, 1991). In recent years, attention has also been focused on the importance of non-wood forest products which include plants for food and medicinal purposes, fibres, dyes, animal fodder and other necessities. Indonesia, for example, earns an estimated US$120 million a year from rattans, resins, sandalwood, honey, natural silk and pharmaceutical and cosmetic compounds (FAO 1990), while the local production of bidi cigarette from the tendu leaf (Diospyros melanoxylon) in India provides part-time employment for up to half a million women (FAO, 1993b). In this connection, it has been estimated that more than 200 million people in the tropics live in the forests (FAO, 1993b) and in some parts of Africa as much as 70 per cent of animal protein comes from forest games such as birds and rodents (FAO, 1990). The economic value of forests in relation to floods and soil conservation is that they may allow for agricultural and even industrial development on floodplains because they contribute to the mitigation of the effects of floods and in minimizing soil erosion especially in mountainous and hilly areas. In fact a well- managed forest would provide a number of goods and services to meet basic human needs as outlined in Annex I. 5. RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Forest Conservation (a) To strengthen efforts in forest conservation and the sustainable management of forest resources, it is imperative to ensure the participation of local community and that all national policy and strategies must indicate the forest area set aside for forest conservation and in the sustainable production of forest goods and services. In this context, developing countries must have access to new and additional financial resources and the transfer of environmentally sound technologies. (b) To further ensure sustainable forest conservation and sustainable forest management, the prices of timber and timber products at the market place must fully reflect both their replacement and environmental costs, and that trade in forest products should be non-discriminatory and any unilateral measures to restrict and/or ban their trade should be removed or avoided. Moreover, expenses needed for sustainable forest management, including reforestation and afforestation must be included into the cost of all kinds of production obtained from the forest resources. (c) A global network of well-managed and adequately funded protected areas be established. In this regard, a list of biogeographic areas that is mutually agreed by national governments should be prepared to ensure global representativeness of forest conservation areas. (d) In order to ensure the sharing on mutually agreed terms of benefits and profits, including biotech- nology products derived from the utilisation of biological diversity, efficient and cost-effective methodologies should be developed to assess the biological resources of forests at the genetic, species and ecosystem levels, including the development of techniques to ascribe economic values to these resources. (e) In the light of the agreement at UNCED and in accordance with the requirements of the Convention on Biological Diversity, existing forest harvesting practices should be critically reviewed to ensure effective in-situconservation of biological diversity during forest utilisation. Countries should also endeavour to identify forest ecosystems or even landscapes that are threatened with irreversible changes, as well as their causes so as to enable prompt actions to be taken to arrest them. 5.2 Enhancement of Forest Cover (a) Maintaining and enhancing forest cover, reforestation or afforestation will incur costs, either from opportunities foregone for alternative uses, or from benefits lost from existing land uses. Policy responses must take this into account. The legitimate rights of countries over their natural resources must be upheld. An equitable framework must be found to provide adequate compensation to those countries who undertake action to sustainably manage their forests in the wider interests of global environmental enhancement. (b) All countries should work towards increasing their level of forest cover to be achieved over a speci- fied time-frame and actions be taken to prepare and implement national forestry action programmes and/or plans for the management, conservation and sustainable development of forests as called for in para 11.12(b) of Chapter 11 under Agenda 21. Countries having less than 30 per cent of their land areas under forest cover, but have the means must undertake concerted efforts to increase their forest cover while rich countries which are constrained by physical and climatic factors to increase their forest cover could assist the poorer nations in increasing and enhancing their forest cover. Countries having more than 30 per cent of their land areas under forest cover after taking into account their socio-economic development needs should be recognised and appropriate incentives should be given to encourage them to improve the quality of their forests. 5.3 Roles of Forests (a) To effectively enhance the roles of forests in meeting basic human needs, it is extremely important that the underlying causes of deforestation such as poverty, population pressures, the need for food, shelter and fuel, as well as indebtedness, particularly in the developing countries, must be critically addressed. A consultative and participatory approach should be adopted involving all stakeholders. (b) For the development of management measures to be effective, full knowledge on the distribution and values of non-wood forest resources should be made available at the level compatible to those currently available for the wood resources. (c) At the landscape level, each territory should set a minimum area of forest land to safeguard the climate-and-water characteristics of the forest and that the integrity of the forest ecosystem is protected. (d) Public awareness of the roles of forests should be strengthened at the level of social and professional groups, as well as at the family level so as to ensure that the important ecological and environmental functions of forests are further enhanced for both the present and future generations. 6. CONCLUSION The above recommendations are some of the possible options that could be considered for the effective implementation of specific UNCED programmes, particularly that on forest conservation, enhancement of forest cover and roles of forsts in meeting basic human needs. Concrete actions both at the national and international levels are imperative for their effective implementation.

Criticize Elizabeth Anderson's Claim that the Autonomy of Women will Essay

Criticize Elizabeth Anderson's Claim that the Autonomy of Women will be Promoted by Banning Commercial Surrogacy Contracts - Essay Example If the intended mother has the ability to produce eggs that are fertile but is unable to carry the pregnancy then gestational surrogacy can be used. In this process, the egg of the intended mother would be removed and combined with that of the husband or a sperm from another man and finally implanted in the replacement mother. Surrogacy arrangements can be either altruistic or commercial. In altruistic surrogacy, the surrogate mother would be compensated for expenses incurred or sometimes not paid at all. On the other hand, the surrogate would be paid all expenses incurred during the entire period of the pregnancy plus a fee in commercial surrogacy. In this surrogacy, the surrogate mother and the adoptive parents come up with a commercial surrogacy contract that regulates their relationship for the entire period of the pregnancy. Criticism I disagree with Elizabeth Anderson’s claim that the autonomy of women would be promoted by banning commercial surrogacy contracts. As a mat ter of fact, commercial surrogacy has enabled many infertile couples in the entire world to have children. There exist few children for adoption and even the requirements for one to qualify as an adoptive parent are hard to meet. Therefore, commercial surrogacy remains the only hope for some individuals to get children and make up families. It is the only humane answer to the infertility problem. Infertility is extremely common in the world; it affects approximately one out of seven couples. This problem is likely to increase since more women are entering a time consuming workforce, and thus delay the process of giving birth to a later age when fertility challenges are exceedingly rampant (Richards 78). Consequently, adoption does not sufficiently meet the desires of infertile couples wishing to have a baby. There exist no biological link between the couple and the adopted baby; they would be forced to wait between three and seven years to adopt an infant. This has contributed to a call for another reproductive option. Moreover, abortion and the use of contraceptives have led to a serious shortage in the number of adoptable babies. If we follow Elizabeth Anderson’s argument, then we leave many infertile couples without children. Commercial surrogacy is not a practice of baby selling as Anderson argues. It is a contract to bear a child but not to sell the child. The payment to a surrogate is just a fee for the services just similar to the fees paid to doctors and lawyers for their services. The banning of commercial surrogacy will be infringing on ones constitutional right to engage into a contract freely. The society is always at peace when the liberty of its members becomes maximized. Women and the entire society benefit from the freedom of choice that would be offered through surrogacy. Since people would not be forced into the contract, they engage willingly; no one should attempt to stop them. In a rights based culture, commercial surrogacy contract s would be supported since every woman has the right to procreate. She also has the right to demand compensation for expenses incurred during the gestation period. All parties benefit in a surrogacy arrangement that is successful. The intended parents go home with a cherished child while the surrogate mother gets monetary reward for her work (Richards 71). The money the surrogate mot

The Effect of the Salary Cap and Free Agency on the Compensation of Essay

The Effect of the Salary Cap and Free Agency on the Compensation of Skill Position Players - Essay Example The article frequently sites other research papers to help back up their own work, and also use expansion path graphs to illustrate their findings. The article also used quantile regressions to demonstrate the data that they have pooled and taken from NFL stats. They site all their calculations and their formulas, and have a strong background of how they came up with all their numbers they use. They also use several different models to demonstrate the differences between the pay salaries and performance at the NFL level. They also make sure to add in the factors that free agency cause, as well as what a NFL team should respond to using the graphs that the article shows. The article reveals that several patterns can be seen in the NFL numbers. These patterns look to support the findings in the original paper, the Kowalewski and Leeds paper that this article was trying to prove correct or incorrect. The data supported the conclusion that free agency made it much more important for a player to keep track off, and improve their stats for the better pay. This was also the conclusion of the original paper, and this article reaches a similar conclusion. I believe the author's conclusions are sound, and that they have all the data and work shown to properly back up their argument.

What not to eat or eat when pregnant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What not to eat or eat when pregnant - Essay Example According to the author, some of these foods contain a bacterium that causes listeriosis (Ward). This infection is critical since in addition to serious health problems, it may cause miscarriages and stillbirth amongst pregnant women. The article presents the fact that some large fish contain mercury that may affect the brain and nervous system development of a child. The article recommends that one should first test the doneness of the animal meat with a thermometer and ensure that eggs are cooked until there are no longer runny (Ward). Moreover, it advices that pregnant women should wash their hands after handling hot dogs and the luncheon meats and also avoid he fluid from the packages containing these foods. Pregnant women may only eat up to 12 ounces of low in mercury seafoods in a week. Finally, it recommends that one should stick to the baking instruction provided and not eat raw dough. The article forbids women from drinking excess caffeine. According to the article, it can pass to the baby and affect their heart rate (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†). Currently, some studies indicate that drinking caffeine may cause miscarriages amongst women. In addition, the article also prohibits herbal tea since some may affect the development of the baby. Finally, the article advices women to avoid alcohol as it may affect the baby. Mothers who drink alcohol have higher risks towards miscarriages and stillbirths (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†). Too much of it also leads to foetal alcohol syndrome. Recommendations provided by the article include the fact that pregnant women should consult their health providers on the use of herbal tea. In addition, the article claims that no level of alcohol has been proven unsafe but women should just avoid it completely. Finally, concerning caffeine, the recommended dose is less than 200 milligrams a day (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†). In addition to stating the foods and

Advise the Prime Minister and Home Secretary of any problems they are Essay

Advise the Prime Minister and Home Secretary of any problems they are likely to encounter with the Order in Council and its provisionsin Parliament - Essay Example This measure because necessary because the PM and Home Secretary deem the acts of Parliament as being insufficient in dealing with terrorism in the UK. Due to that, they seek to get the Privy Council to issue an Order in Council that states that: 1.Human Rights Act 1998 is not applicable to the exercise of the Order 2.The formulation of a special tribunal by the Order in Council for the trying of suspected terrorism and terrorist sympathisers 3.The tribunal could detain suspects for 90 days. The period is renewable. 4.The nomination of a state advocate to represent the suspect. They cannot choose their own representatives. 5.The state advocate of a suspect could not meet with suspects. 6.The tribunal would hear the case in the absence of the suspect and the state advocate would be appointed to represent the interest of the suspect. 7.Guilty persons will be detained indefinitely and not allowed to meet their visitors. 8.Suspects would be subjected to â€Å"harsh but realistic† regime of incarceration [possibly, torture] 9.There would be no right for appeal for the suspects when they are convicted. 10.There would be no press reports of any type related to the suspects and their hearings. The paper provides an advice for the Prime Minister and Home Secretary on the problems they are likely to encounter with the Order in Council and its provisions. This would be done in relation to Parliament and to the Courts. The courts in the UK are required to operate within the fundamental and primary framework of laws in the UK that are a valid part of the laws of the land. This include the traditional sources of UK law and other sources of the law in the country.